Unleashing the high frequency spectrum

The frequency range of 10-100 GHz offers a gold mine of commercial and military applications. Full-blown system integration has been rare, however. This is rapidly being transformed by indium phosphide heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), a technology that is now yielding large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits packing 1000 to 10 000 transistors on a chip and operating at over 65 GHz. Success in integrating such fast, dense transistors has bred numerous analog, digital, and mixed-mode ICs having unprecedented performance. Moreover, such high-speed integration is not only possible but marketable, too, because consumer demand for data from the Internet, digital audio and video, and video-on-demand is on the rise.

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